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The Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH) certification is one of the most sought-after and recognized certifications in the field of cybersecurity. Certified Ethical Hacker Exam certification is offered by the International Council of E-Commerce Consultants (EC-Council) and is designed to equip individuals with the skills and knowledge to identify vulnerabilities in computer systems and networks and to develop effective countermeasures to prevent cyber-attacks. The CEH certification is highly valued by employers and is considered a benchmark for hiring professionals in the cybersecurity industry.
ECCouncil 312-50v12 exam is a certification exam that is designed to test an individual's knowledge and skills in ethical hacking. 312-50v12 exam is the latest version of the Certified Ethical Hacker certification, and it is designed to ensure that participants have the most up-to-date knowledge and skills in the field of ethical hacking.
NEW QUESTION # 115
George, an employee of an organization, is attempting to access restricted websites from an official computer. For this purpose, he used an anonymizer that masked his real IP address and ensured complete and continuous anonymity for all his online activities. Which of the following anonymizers helps George hide his activities?
- A. https://karmadecay.com
- B. https://www.baidu.com
- C. https://www.guardster.com
- D. https://www.wolframalpha.com
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 116
Robin, a professional hacker, targeted an organization's network to sniff all the traffic. During this process.
Robin plugged in a rogue switch to an unused port in the LAN with a priority lower than any other switch in the network so that he could make it a root bridge that will later allow him to sniff all the traffic in the network.
What is the attack performed by Robin in the above scenario?
- A. VLAN hopping attack
- B. ARP spoofing attack
- C. STP attack
- D. DNS poisoning attack
Answer: C
Explanation:
STP prevents bridging loops in a redundant switched network environment. By avoiding loops, you can ensure that broadcast traffic does not become a traffic storm.
STP is a hierarchical tree-like topology with a "root" switch at the top. A switch is elected as root based on the lowest configured priority of any switch (0 through 65,535). When a switch boots up, it begins a process of identifying other switches and determining the root bridge. After a root bridge is elected, the topology is established from its perspective of the connectivity. The switches determine the path to the root bridge, and all redundant paths are blocked. STP sends configuration and topology change notifications and acknowledgments (TCN/TCA) using bridge protocol data units (BPDU).
An STP attack involves an attacker spoofing the root bridge in the topology. The attacker broadcasts out an STP configuration/topology change BPDU in an attempt to force an STP recalculation. The BPDU sent out announces that the attacker's system has a lower bridge priority. The attacker can then see a variety of frames forwarded from other switches to it. STP recalculation may also cause a denial-of-service (DoS) condition on the network by causing an interruption of 30 to 45 seconds each time the root bridge changes. An attacker using STP network topology changes to force its host to be elected as the root bridge.
NEW QUESTION # 117
What would you enter if you wanted to perform a stealth scan using Nmap?
- A. nmap -sU
- B. nmap -sM
- C. nmap -sT
- D. nmap -sS
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 118
By using a smart card and pin, you are using a two-factor authentication that satisfies
- A. Something you have and something you are
- B. Something you know and something you are
- C. Something you have and something you know
- D. Something you are and something you remember
Answer: C
Explanation:
Two-factor Authentication or 2FA is a user identity verification method, where two of the three possible authentication factors are combined to grant access to a website or application.1) something the user knows, 2) something the user has, or 3) something the user is.
The possible factors of authentication are:
* Something the User Knows:
This is often a password, passphrase, PIN, or secret question. To satisfy this authentication challenge, the user must provide information that matches the answers previously provided to the organization by that user, such as "Name the town in which you were born."
* Something the User Has:
This involves entering a one-time password generated by a hardware authenticator. Users carry around an authentication device that will generate a one-time password on command. Users then authenticate by providing this code to the organization. Today, many organizations offer software authenticators that can be installed on the user's mobile device.
* Something the User Is:
This third authentication factor requires the user to authenticate using biometric data. This can include fingerprint scans, facial scans, behavioral biometrics, and more.
For example: In internet security, the most used factors of authentication are:
something the user has (e.g., a bank card) and something the user knows (e.g., a PIN code). This is two-factor authentication. Two-factor authentication is also sometimes referred to as strong authentication, Two-Step Verification, or 2FA.
The key difference between Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) and Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) is that, as the term implies, Two-Factor Authentication utilizes a combination of two out of three possible authentication factors. In contrast, Multi-Factor Authentication could utilize two or more of these authentication factors.
NEW QUESTION # 119
What would be the purpose of running "wget 192.168.0.15 -q -S" against a web server?
- A. Flooding the web server with requests to perform a DoS attack
- B. Using wget to perform banner grabbing on the webserver
- C. Performing content enumeration on the web server to discover hidden folders
- D. Downloading all the contents of the web page locally for further examination
Answer: B
Explanation:
-q, --quiet quiet (no output)
-S, --server-response print server response
NEW QUESTION # 120
Which protocol is used for setting up secure channels between two devices, typically in VPNs?
- A. IPSEC
- B. ppp
- C. SET
- D. PEM
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 121
While performing an Nmap scan against a host, Paola determines the existence of a firewall. In an attempt to determine whether the firewall is stateful or stateless, which of the following options would be best to use?
- A. -sT
- B. -sX
- C. -sF
- D. -sA
Answer: D
Explanation:
-sA (TCP ACK scan)
This scan is different than the others discussed so far in that it never determines open (or even open|filtered) ports. It is used to map out firewall rulesets, determining whether they are stateful or not and which ports are filtered.
The ACK scan probe packet has only the ACK flag set (unless you use --scanflags). When scanning unfiltered systems, open and closed ports will both return a RST packet. Nmap then labels them as unfiltered, meaning that they are reachable by the ACK packet, but whether they are open or closed is undetermined. Ports that don't respond, or send certain ICMP error messages back (type 3, code 0, 1, 2, 3, 9, 10, or 13), are labeled filtered.
https://nmap.org/book/man-port-scanning-techniques.html
NEW QUESTION # 122
What type of analysis is performed when an attacker has partial knowledge of inner-workings of the application?
- A. Black-box
- B. Grey-box
- C. White-box
- D. Announced
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 123
Which Metasploit Framework tool can help penetration tester for evading Anti-virus Systems?
- A. msfcli
- B. msfencode
- C. msfd
- D. msfpayload
Answer: B
Explanation:
https://www.offensive-security.com/metasploit-unleashed/msfencode/
One of the best ways to avoid being stopped by antivirus software is to encode our payload with msfencode. Msfencode is a useful tool that alters the code in an executable so that it looks different to antivirus software but will still run the same way. Much as the binary attachment in email is encoded in Base64, msfencode encodes the original executable in a new binary. Then, when the executable is run, msfencode decodes the original code into memory and exe-cutes it.
Incorrect answers:
msfpayload
https://www.offensive-security.com/metasploit-unleashed/msfpayload/
MSFpayload is a command line instance of Metasploit that is used to generate and output all of the various types of shellcode that are available in Metasploit. The most common use of this tool is for the generation of shellcode for an exploit that is not currently in the Metasploit Framework or for testing different types of shellcode and options before finalizing an Exploit Module.
msfcli
https://www.offensive-security.com/metasploit-unleashed/msfcli/
The msfcli provides a powerful command line interface to the framework. This allows you to easily add Metasploit exploits into any scripts you may create.
NEW QUESTION # 124
What do Trinoo, TFN2k, WinTrinoo, T-Sight, and Stracheldraht have in common?
- A. All are DDOS tools
- B. All are tools that are only effective against Windows
- C. All are tools that are only effective against Linux
- D. All are tools that can be used not only by hackers, but also security personnel
- E. All are hacking tools developed by the legion of doom
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 125
John, a professional hacker, decided to use DNS to perform data exfiltration on a target network, in this process, he embedded malicious data into the DNS protocol packets that even DNSSEC cannot detect. Using this technique. John successfully injected malware to bypass a firewall and maintained communication with the victim machine and C&C server. What is the technique employed by John to bypass the firewall?
- A. DNS enumeration
- B. DNS tunneling method
- C. DNSSEC zone walking
- D. DNS cache snooping
Answer: B
Explanation:
DNS tunneling may be a method wont to send data over the DNS protocol, a protocol which has never been intended for data transfer. due to that, people tend to overlook it and it's become a well-liked but effective tool in many attacks. Most popular use case for DNS tunneling is obtaining free internet through bypassing captive portals at airports, hotels, or if you are feeling patient the not-so-cheap on the wing Wi-Fi. On those shared internet hotspots HTTP traffic is blocked until a username/password is provided, however DNS traffic is usually still allowed within the background: we will encode our HTTP traffic over DNS and voila, we've internet access. This sounds fun but reality is, browsing anything on DNS tunneling is slow. Like, back to 1998 slow. Another more dangerous use of DNS tunneling would be bypassing network security devices (Firewalls, DLP appliances...) to line up an immediate and unmonitored communications channel on an organisation's network. Possibilities here are endless: Data exfiltration, fixing another penetration testing tool... you name it. To make it even more worrying, there's an outsized amount of easy to use DNS tunneling tools out there. There's even a minimum of one VPN over DNS protocol provider (warning: the planning of the web site is hideous, making me doubt on the legitimacy of it). As a pentester all this is often great, as a network admin not such a lot .
How does it work:
For those that ignoramus about DNS protocol but still made it here, i feel you deserve a really brief on what DNS does: DNS is sort of a phonebook for the web , it translates URLs (human-friendly language, the person's name), into an IP address (machine-friendly language, the phone number). That helps us remember many websites, same as we will remember many people's names. For those that know what DNS is i might suggest looking here for a fast refresh on DNS protocol, but briefly what you would like to understand is: * A Record: Maps a website name to an IP address. example.com ? 12.34.52.67 * NS Record (a.k.a. Nameserver record): Maps a website name to an inventory of DNS servers, just in case our website is hosted in multiple servers. example.com ? server1.example.com, server2.example.com Who is involved in DNS tunneling? * Client. Will launch DNS requests with data in them to a website . * One Domain that we will configure. So DNS servers will redirect its requests to an outlined server of our own. * Server. this is often the defined nameserver which can ultimately receive the DNS requests. The 6 Steps in DNS tunneling (simplified): 1. The client encodes data during a DNS request. The way it does this is often by prepending a bit of knowledge within the domain of the request. for instance : mypieceofdata.server1.example.com 2. The DNS request goes bent a DNS server. 3. The DNS server finds out the A register of your domain with the IP address of your server. 4. The request for mypieceofdata.server1.example.com is forwarded to the server. 5. The server processes regardless of the mypieceofdata was alleged to do. Let's assume it had been an HTTP request. 6. The server replies back over DNS and woop woop, we've got signal.
Bypassing Firewalls through the DNS Tunneling Method DNS operates using UDP, and it has a 255-byte limit on outbound queries. Moreover, it allows only alphanumeric characters and hyphens. Such small size constraints on external queries allow DNS to be used as an ideal choice to perform data exfiltration by various malicious entities. Since corrupt or malicious data can be secretly embedded into the DNS protocol packets, even DNSSEC cannot detect the abnormality in DNS tunneling. It is effectively used by malware to bypass the firewall to maintain communication between the victim machine and the C&C server. Tools such as NSTX (https://sourceforge.net), Heyoka (http://heyoka.sourceforge.netuse), and Iodine (https://code.kryo.se) use this technique of tunneling traffic across DNS port 53. CEH v11 Module 12 Page 994
NEW QUESTION # 126
One of your team members has asked you to analyze the following SOA record.
What is the TTL? Rutgers.edu.SOA NS1.Rutgers.edu ipad.college.edu (200302028 3600 3600 604800 2400.)
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
- E. 4
- F. 5
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 127
Sam is working as a system administrator In an organization. He captured the principal characteristics of a vulnerability and produced a numerical score to reflect Its severity using CVSS v3.0 to property assess and prioritize the organization's vulnerability management processes. The base score that Sam obtained after performing cvss rating was 4.0. What is the CVSS severity level of the vulnerability discovered by Sam in the above scenario?
- A. Medium
- B. High
- C. Low
- D. Critical
Answer: A
Explanation:
Rating CVSS Score
None 0.0
Low 0.1 - 3.9
Medium 4.0 - 6.9
High 7.0 - 8.9
Critical 9.0 - 10.0
https://www.first.org/cvss/v3.0/specification-document
The Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) is an open framework for communicating the characteristics and severity of software vulnerabilities. CVSS consists of three metric groups: Base, Temporal, and Environmental. The Base metrics produce a score ranging from 0 to 10, which can then be modified by scoring the Temporal and Environmental metrics. A CVSS score is also represented as a vector string, a compressed textual representation of the values used to derive the score. Thus, CVSS is well suited as a standard measurement system for industries, organizations, and governments that need accurate and consistent vulnerability severity scores. Two common uses of CVSS are calculating the severity of vulnerabilities discovered on one's systems and as a factor in prioritization of vulnerability remediation activities. The National Vulnerability Database (NVD) provides CVSS scores for almost all known vulnerabilities.
Qualitative Severity Rating Scale
For some purposes, it is useful to have a textual representation of the numeric Base, Temporal and Environmental scores.
NEW QUESTION # 128
During the enumeration phase. Lawrence performs banner grabbing to obtain information such as OS details and versions of services running. The service that he enumerated runs directly on TCP port 445.
Which of the following services is enumerated by Lawrence in this scenario?
- A. Server Message Block (SMB)
- B. Remote procedure call (RPC)
- C. Telnet
- D. Network File System (NFS)
Answer: A
Explanation:
Worker Message Block (SMB) is an organization document sharing and information texture convention. SMB is utilized by billions of gadgets in a different arrangement of working frameworks, including Windows, MacOS, iOS , Linux, and Android. Customers use SMB to get to information on workers. This permits sharing of records, unified information the board, and brought down capacity limit needs for cell phones. Workers additionally use SMB as a feature of the Software-characterized Data Center for outstanding burdens like grouping and replication.
Since SMB is a far off record framework, it requires security from assaults where a Windows PC may be fooled into reaching a pernicious worker running inside a confided in organization or to a far off worker outside the organization edge. Firewall best practices and arrangements can upgrade security keeping malevolent traffic from leaving the PC or its organization.
For Windows customers and workers that don't have SMB shares, you can obstruct all inbound SMB traffic utilizing the Windows Defender Firewall to keep far off associations from malignant or bargained gadgets. In the Windows Defender Firewall, this incorporates the accompanying inbound principles.
You should also create a new blocking rule to override any other inbound firewall rules. Use the following suggested settings for any Windows clients or servers that do not host SMB Shares:
Name: Block all inbound SMB 445
Description: Blocks all inbound SMB TCP 445 traffic. Not to be applied to domain controllers or computers that host SMB shares.
Action: Block the connection
Programs: All
Remote Computers: Any
Protocol Type: TCP
Local Port: 445
Remote Port: Any
Profiles: All
Scope (Local IP Address): Any
Scope (Remote IP Address): Any
Edge Traversal: Block edge traversal
You must not globally block inbound SMB traffic to domain controllers or file servers. However, you can restrict access to them from trusted IP ranges and devices to lower their attack surface. They should also be restricted to Domain or Private firewall profiles and not allow Guest/Public traffic.
NEW QUESTION # 129
A network admin contacts you. He is concerned that ARP spoofing or poisoning might occur on his network. What are some things he can do to prevent it? Select the best answers.
- A. If you have a small network, use static ARP entries.
- B. Use a firewall between all LAN segments.
- C. Use port security on his switches.
- D. Use only static IP addresses on all PC's.
- E. Use a tool like ARPwatch to monitor for strange ARP activity.
Answer: A,C,E
NEW QUESTION # 130
Attacker Rony installed a rogue access point within an organization's perimeter and attempted to intrude into its internal network. Johnson, a security auditor, identified some unusual traffic in the internal network that is aimed at cracking the authentication mechanism. He immediately turned off the targeted network and tested for any weak and outdated security mechanisms that are open to attack. What is the type of vulnerability assessment performed by johnson in the above scenario?
- A. Distributed assessment
- B. Wireless network assessment
- C. Application assessment
- D. Host-based assessment
Answer: B
Explanation:
Wireless network assessment determines the vulnerabilities in an organization's wireless networks. In the past, wireless networks used weak and defective data encryption mechanisms. Now, wireless network standards have evolved, but many networks still use weak and outdated security mechanisms and are open to attack. Wireless network assessments try to attack wireless authentication mechanisms and gain unauthorized access. This type of assessment tests wireless networks and identifies rogue networks that may exist within an organization's perimeter. These assessments audit client-specified sites with a wireless network. They sniff wireless network traffic and try to crack encryption keys. Auditors test other network access if they gain access to the wireless network.
NEW QUESTION # 131
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ECCouncil 312-50v12 exam is intended for professionals who are interested in establishing a career in the field of ethical hacking, cybersecurity, and IT security. Certified Ethical Hacker Exam certification is particularly relevant for network administrators, security analysts, security officers, cybersecurity consultants, and anyone interested in understanding and combating cyber threats. The Certified Ethical Hacker designation is recognized globally and is considered a benchmark for employers who are looking for skilled ethical hackers to secure their networks.
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